2025

Write a note on Verbal Testimony (Sabda Pramanya) in Indian Philosophy.

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Introduction In Indian philosophy, the concept of knowledge and how we obtain it has been deeply discussed. One important source of knowledge recognized in almost all Indian philosophical schools is Sabda Pramanya, or verbal testimony. This refers to knowledge gained through words, especially from reliable sources like sacred texts or trustworthy individuals. What is Sabda […]

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Give a critical exposition of ontological certitude.

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Introduction Ontological certitude refers to a firm and unquestionable certainty about the existence of oneself or reality. The word “ontology” means the study of being or existence, and “certitude” means being absolutely certain. Philosophers use this concept to explain the deep, foundational kind of knowledge we have — especially about our own existence. Origin of

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Write a note on Paul Ricoeur’s idea of hermeneutics.

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Introduction Paul Ricoeur was a well-known French philosopher who made important contributions to the field of hermeneutics — the art and science of interpretation. Originally, hermeneutics was used to interpret religious texts like the Bible, but Ricoeur expanded its use to include literature, history, and even everyday communication. His ideas helped many people understand how

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Write an essay on knowledge as justified true belief. Do you think that this definition of knowledge is justified? Give arguments to support your answer.

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Introduction In philosophy, understanding what knowledge is has been a central concern for centuries. One well-known definition is “Justified True Belief” (JTB). According to this view, a person knows something if three conditions are met: the belief must be true, the person must believe it, and there must be justification for the belief. This essay

Write an essay on knowledge as justified true belief. Do you think that this definition of knowledge is justified? Give arguments to support your answer. Read More »

What are the conditions required to be a meaningful sentence in Nyaya Philosophy? Explain with examples.

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Introduction Nyaya Philosophy, one of the classical schools of Indian philosophy, is well-known for its detailed focus on logic and epistemology. In this system, language plays a very important role in the process of gaining knowledge. According to Nyaya, for any sentence to be meaningful and convey knowledge, it must meet specific conditions. These conditions

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MPYE-002 Ethics Assignment – Questions and Answers Master Post

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MPYE-002 Ethics Assignment – Master Index This post provides links to all answers for the MPYE-002 Ethics assignment. Click on each title below to read the complete solution. Section 1 – Long Answer Questions (500+ words) What are three postulates of morality in Kantian Ethics? Discuss briefly. What is sustainable development? What is the role

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Distributive Justice

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What is Distributive Justice? Distributive justice is the idea of fairly distributing resources, opportunities, and rights among all members of society. It is a key concept in social and political philosophy. Types of Distribution Equal Distribution: Everyone gets the same share. Need-Based: People with greater needs get more support. Merit-Based: Resources are given based on

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Determinism

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What is Determinism? Determinism is the philosophical idea that every event or action is caused by previous events according to fixed laws of nature. It suggests that everything, including human behavior, is predetermined and nothing happens by chance. Types of Determinism Physical Determinism: All actions are caused by natural laws. Psychological Determinism: Human behavior is

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Good Will

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What is Good Will in Ethics? In Kantian ethics, “good will” is the most important quality a moral person can have. It means doing the right thing simply because it is the right thing to do—not for rewards, personal gain, or fear of punishment. Kant’s View Immanuel Kant said that a good will is good

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Derived Norms

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What are Derived Norms? Derived norms are rules or ethical standards that come from more general or fundamental principles. They are not basic laws themselves but are based on deeper values like justice, fairness, or respect. Example The rule “Don’t cheat in exams” is a derived norm. It is based on the more basic moral

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