MGPE-010

(i) India’s Role in Afghan Reconstruction Introduction After the fall of the Taliban regime in 2001, Afghanistan faced political instability, economic collapse, and infrastructure destruction. India has played a significant role in the reconstruction of Afghanistan, focusing on infrastructure, education, healthcare, and diplomatic support. India’s assistance is based on its “Neighbourhood First” policy and aims

(i) Champaran Satyagraha Introduction The Champaran Satyagraha (1917) was Mahatma Gandhi’s first major civil disobedience movement in India. It was a nonviolent protest against the exploitation of Indigo farmers by British landlords in Bihar. This movement marked the beginning of Gandhi’s leadership in India’s freedom struggle. A. Causes of the Champaran Satyagraha B. Key Events

(i) Conflict Transformation Introduction Conflict transformation is a long-term approach to peacebuilding that focuses on changing the underlying causes of conflict rather than just resolving immediate disputes. Unlike conflict resolution, which seeks short-term solutions, conflict transformation aims for deep, structural changes in society to ensure lasting peace. A. Key Principles of Conflict Transformation B. Difference

(i) Feminist Approach to Peacebuilding Introduction The feminist approach to peacebuilding emphasizes gender equality, women’s empowerment, and the role of women in conflict resolution. Unlike traditional peacebuilding models, which are often male-dominated, the feminist approach highlights the importance of including women’s voices in negotiations, policy-making, and post-conflict reconstruction. This approach is rooted in the belief