MPYE-007: Research Methodology in Philosophy Note: i) Give answer of all five questions. ii) All five questions carry equal marks. iii) The answer of questions no. 1 and 2 should be in about 500 words. 1. Write a note on the relation between scientific and philosophical methodology. (20 Marks) Answer Link OrWrite an essay on […]
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Communicative Action Communicative Action is a theory developed by German philosopher Jürgen Habermas. It refers to the type of interaction where participants aim to reach mutual understanding and coordinate actions through reasoned dialogue rather than strategic manipulation. It is central to Habermas’s theory of rationality and democracy. Core Ideas Rational Discourse: Communication should be guided
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Hypothesis A hypothesis is a tentative statement or educated guess that proposes a possible explanation for a phenomenon or a relationship between variables. It serves as the foundation for further investigation, guiding research methods and helping researchers test assumptions through empirical data. Types of Hypotheses Descriptive Hypothesis: Predicts characteristics or behavior of variables. Relational Hypothesis:
Basic Features of Critical Theory Critical Theory is a philosophical approach rooted in the Frankfurt School that aims to critique and change society rather than merely explain it. Emerging in the early 20th century, it combines insights from philosophy, sociology, economics, and political theory to analyze power structures and promote emancipation. Key Features Emancipatory Aim:
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Characteristics of Empiricism Empiricism is a major school of thought in epistemology that asserts that knowledge comes primarily from sensory experience. It opposes rationalism, which holds that reason is the main source of knowledge. The core idea of empiricism is that the mind starts as a blank slate (Tabula Rasa) and is shaped by experience.
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Cogito ergo sum The Latin phrase “Cogito ergo sum” means “I think, therefore I am.” It was introduced by René Descartes, a French philosopher, as a foundational statement in his search for certainty in knowledge. Descartes used this proposition in his work Meditations on First Philosophy to overcome radical doubt. Descartes began by doubting everything
The Principle of Sufficient Reasoning The Principle of Sufficient Reason (PSR) is a foundational philosophical concept that asserts that everything must have a reason, cause, or explanation. It was most famously formulated by the German philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. According to the PSR, for every fact, there must be a rational explanation for why it
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Tabula Rasa The concept of Tabula Rasa originates from the Latin term meaning “blank slate.” It is most famously associated with the English philosopher John Locke. In his work Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Locke proposed that the human mind at birth is like a blank slate, without any innate ideas. According to him, all knowledge
Introduction One of the most influential ideas in later Wittgenstein’s philosophy is the concept of “Family Resemblance”, introduced in his work Philosophical Investigations. This concept challenges the traditional notion that every category must be defined by a fixed set of essential characteristics. Understanding Family Resemblance Wittgenstein observed that many concepts, like “game,” cannot be defined
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Introduction The Latin phrase “Esse est percipi”, meaning “To be is to be perceived,” is famously associated with the Irish philosopher George Berkeley. This idea lies at the heart of his idealist philosophy, which denies the existence of material substances independent of perception. According to Berkeley, the existence of objects depends entirely on their being
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