September 2025

Examine the role of loans and its impact during medieval period in India.

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Introduction Loans were an essential part of the rural and urban economy in medieval India. They were used for various purposes like agriculture, trade, festivals, and emergencies. However, the practice of lending often had both positive and negative impacts. In this article, we examine the role of loans during the medieval period and their effects […]

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Long distance maritime trade in early India

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Introduction Long-distance maritime trade played a key role in the economic and cultural development of early India. With a long coastline and well-developed ports, India was connected to Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and even the Roman Empire. In this post, we explore the nature, routes, goods, and significance of maritime trade in early Indian

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Organisation of Craft production in early India

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Introduction Craft production played a vital role in the economic and cultural life of early India. Skilled artisans were responsible for producing goods like pottery, textiles, metal tools, ornaments, and sculptures. This post discusses how craft production was organized in early India and the roles of guilds, families, and state institutions in its functioning. Artisan

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Analyse the significance of Agrahara and Brahmadeya in the expansion of agriculture in South India.

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Introduction During early medieval times in South India, two types of land grants—Agrahara and Brahmadeya—played a crucial role in expanding agriculture. These were donations made by kings or local rulers to Brahmins, often tax-free, and usually located in forested or less-populated regions. These grants not only helped in the spread of Brahmanical culture but also

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Analyse the nature of agrarian taxation under the Mauryas.

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Introduction The Mauryan Empire (321–185 BCE), founded by Chandragupta Maurya and expanded under Emperor Ashoka, is considered one of the most well-organized and centralized states in ancient India. The Mauryan administration paid special attention to economic management, especially in the agrarian sector. Since agriculture was the backbone of the economy, the state developed a systematic

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Draw a map of rainfall pattern in the Indian economy. In what ways rainfall pattern influences agrarian production?

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Introduction Rainfall is one of the most important natural factors that affect the Indian economy, especially in the agricultural sector. India’s agriculture is still largely dependent on monsoon rains. Understanding the pattern of rainfall helps us analyze how it influences agrarian production and the livelihoods of millions of farmers. In this post, we’ll discuss the

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Discuss the major approaches to study the economy during colonial period in India.

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Introduction The colonial period in India had a deep and lasting impact on its economy. British rule introduced new systems, destroyed some traditional economic structures, and created a colonial economy that mainly served British interests. To understand this complex period, historians and economists have adopted various approaches. These approaches help us study how colonialism affected

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MHI-04: POLITICAL STRUCTURES IN INDIA – All Assignment Answers (2025-26)

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Master Index – IGNOU MHI-04 Assignment Answers (2025–2026) This post contains the complete list of answers for the MHI-04: POLITICAL STRUCTURES IN INDIA assignment for the academic session 2025–26. Each answer is written in simple and clear language, suitable for all IGNOU students. Section A On the basis of evidence of Puranic and epigraphic sources

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