2025

Critically evaluate the idea of substance in Vaisheshika School of Indian Philosophy

Leave a Comment / MPYE-008: Metaphysics /

Critically evaluate the idea of substance in Vaisheshika School of Indian Philosophy Introduction The Vaisheshika school of Indian philosophy, founded by Kanada, is known for its analytical metaphysics and classification of reality. One of its central concepts is the notion of substance (Dravya), which serves as the substratum for qualities and actions. Substance in Vaisheshika […]

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Nominalism

Leave a Comment / MPY-002: Western Philosophy /

Nominalism Nominalism is a philosophical theory that denies the existence of universal forms or abstract entities outside of the mind. It argues that only individual, particular things exist, and what we call “universals” (like redness, humanity, or beauty) are merely names or labels we use for convenience. Origins and Development The roots of nominalism trace

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Cogito Ergo Sum

Leave a Comment / MPY-002: Western Philosophy /

Cogito Ergo Sum The Latin phrase “Cogito, ergo sum” translates to “I think, therefore I am.” It was coined by René Descartes, a 17th-century French philosopher, and is considered a foundational statement in Western philosophy, particularly in epistemology and metaphysics. Context and Origin Descartes introduced this idea in his work Meditations on First Philosophy as

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Black Feminism

Leave a Comment / MPY-002: Western Philosophy /

Black Feminism Black Feminism is a political and social movement that addresses the unique challenges faced by Black women due to the intersection of race, gender, and class. Emerging in the 1970s in the United States, it critiques mainstream feminist and civil rights movements for neglecting the specific issues of Black women. Core Ideas Black

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The idea of ‘Actuality’ in Aristotle’s philosophy

Leave a Comment / MPY-002: Western Philosophy /

The Idea of ‘Actuality’ in Aristotle’s Philosophy In Aristotle’s philosophy, the concept of actuality (energeia or entelecheia) plays a central role in understanding being, change, and purpose. It is most often discussed in contrast with potentiality (dunamis), which refers to the capacity to become or change. Definition and Context Actuality refers to the realization or

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Hermeneutics

Leave a Comment / MPY-002: Western Philosophy /

Hermeneutics Hermeneutics is the theory and methodology of interpretation, especially of texts. Originally developed for interpreting sacred scriptures, it later evolved into a general philosophical approach to understanding human expressions such as literature, law, and history. Historical Background In ancient times, hermeneutics was primarily theological. Thinkers like Origen and Augustine developed rules for interpreting Biblical

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Compare Socratic’s and Scholastic’s method.

Leave a Comment / MPY-002: Western Philosophy /

Introduction The Socratic method and the Scholastic method are two influential approaches to philosophical inquiry and education. Although both involve reasoned dialogue and analysis, they differ significantly in goals, techniques, and historical context. Socratic Method Attributed to Socrates and preserved through Plato’s dialogues, the Socratic method involves asking a series of probing questions to help

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