Concept of Sruti Sruti refers to the body of sacred texts in Hinduism that are considered to be divinely revealed. It includes the Vedas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas, and Upanishads. Sruti means “what is heard,” implying that these scriptures were received by ancient sages through spiritual insight. Sruti texts form the foundation of Hindu philosophy, rituals, and […]
Concept of Triratna Triratna or “Three Jewels” are central to Buddhist practice. They consist of: Buddha – the Enlightened One and spiritual teacher. Dharma – the teachings and path to enlightenment. Sangha – the community of monks, nuns, and followers. By taking refuge in the Triratna, a person commits to a life of ethical conduct,
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Concept of Zakat Zakat is one of the Five Pillars of Islam. It refers to the obligatory almsgiving or charity that Muslims must offer from their wealth to help the poor and needy. It is usually calculated as 2.5% of a Muslim’s annual savings. Zakat purifies wealth, promotes social justice, and reduces inequality. It reflects
The Idea of Xiao Xiao is a core value in Confucian ethics, often translated as “filial piety.” It refers to respect, loyalty, and care for one’s parents and ancestors. Xiao is seen as the foundation of moral conduct and social harmony in Confucianism. It teaches that a person who honors family obligations will also contribute
Incarnation Incarnation refers to the religious concept where a divine being takes on a human or earthly form. In Christianity, it specifically means God becoming human in the person of Jesus Christ. Jesus is considered both fully divine and fully human, sent to save humanity. In Hinduism, incarnation appears as avatars — divine figures like
Adi Granth The Adi Granth, also known as the Guru Granth Sahib, is the holy scripture of Sikhism. Compiled by Guru Arjan Dev in 1604, it contains the hymns and teachings of Sikh Gurus as well as saints from other traditions like Hinduism and Islam. The Adi Granth is written in Gurmukhi script and includes
Introduction Shinto, the indigenous religion of Japan, centers around the concept of Kami. Kami are spiritual beings or divine forces found in nature, objects, ancestors, and revered individuals. Shinto theology is rooted in respect for nature, purity, and tradition. Concept of Kami Kami are not gods in the Western sense, but spiritual presences that inspire
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Introduction Kshanbhangvad is the Buddhist theory of momentariness, especially prominent in the Abhidharma and Madhyamaka schools. It states that everything exists only for a moment and is in constant flux. The concept challenges the idea of permanence in both self and phenomena. Concept of Kshanbhangvad According to this theory, all phenomena (dharmas) arise and perish
Introduction Transmigration of the soul, also known as rebirth or samsara, is a central concept in Hindu metaphysics. It is the belief that the soul (atman) undergoes a cycle of birth, death, and rebirth until it achieves liberation (moksha). Basic Idea In Hindu thought, the soul is eternal and indestructible. It takes different forms based
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Introduction Zoroastrianism, one of the oldest monotheistic religions, offers a unique cosmological view grounded in its metaphysical framework. It centers on the eternal struggle between good and evil forces, which directly shapes its idea of the universe and human purpose. Basic Cosmological Structure According to Zoroastrian metaphysics, the world is a battlefield between two opposing
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