MASTER’S DEGREE PROGRAMME
IN POLITICAL SCIENCE
Introduction Intra-personal conflict is a type of conflict that happens within an individual’s own mind. It occurs when a person faces uncertainty, confusion, or stress about making decisions, dealing with emotions, or balancing different desires. This type of conflict is internal but can affect behavior, relationships, and overall mental health. Causes of Intra-personal Conflict Value […]
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Introduction Conflict transformation is a concept that goes beyond simply resolving or managing conflicts. It focuses on changing the root causes, relationships, structures, and patterns that lead to conflict. The aim is to create long-lasting peace and understanding in society, not just stop violence. What is Conflict Transformation? Conflict transformation involves turning negative conflict into
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Introduction Mahatma Gandhi had a unique vision of India’s role in the modern world. He believed that India should lead not through military or economic power, but through its moral values, non-violence, and spiritual strength. According to Gandhi, India’s true greatness would lie in serving humanity and being a model of peace, justice, and sustainable
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Introduction The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) are two major global financial institutions that play a key role in supporting economic stability, development, and reconstruction around the world. Their influence is particularly strong in developing and post-conflict countries, where they provide financial aid, technical support, and policy advice. Role of the World
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Introduction Mahatma Gandhi’s idea of Swaraj (self-rule) goes beyond political independence. It is a deep and powerful concept that includes individual freedom, moral responsibility, and self-reliance. Gandhi believed that true freedom must start from within each person and extend to the entire society. This idea of Swaraj naturally leads to Sarvodaya (welfare of all) and
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Introduction The United Nations (UN) was created in 1945 to maintain international peace and security. One of its most important roles is to help prevent and resolve conflicts around the world, especially in developing societies. These societies often face poverty, weak institutions, and internal divisions, which can lead to conflict. The UN works in many
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Introduction Conflict is a natural part of human life. It occurs when individuals or groups have differences in opinions, interests, needs, or values. Conflict management is the process of handling disputes in a constructive and peaceful way. The goal is not to eliminate all conflicts but to manage them so that they do not turn
Introduction Johan Galtung, a well-known Norwegian peace theorist, introduced the concept of violence in a broader and deeper sense. He explained that violence is not just about physical harm or war but includes many hidden and indirect forms. His theory divides violence into three main types: direct violence, structural violence, and cultural violence. This model
Introduction Post-conflict reconstruction and rehabilitation refer to the efforts made to rebuild a society after it has gone through violent conflict or war. These efforts include restoring peace, rebuilding infrastructure, supporting displaced people, rebuilding institutions, and healing broken relationships in the community. One of the key players in this process is the media, which has
Introduction This page contains all the solved answers for the MGPE-008 IGNOU assignment for the academic year 2024-25. The answers are written in simple, easy-to-understand language as per IGNOU guidelines. Each answer is more than 600 words and follows Gandhian principles on peace and conflict resolution. Section I – Long Answers Explain why Gandhi undertook
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