Introduction
Poverty eradication has been one of the major goals of India’s development policy since independence. Despite being one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, India still faces challenges in fully eliminating poverty due to its vast population, regional disparities, and socio-economic inequalities. Over the years, several policies and programs have been launched to reduce poverty and improve the quality of life.
Key Causes of Poverty in India
- Unemployment and underemployment
- Low levels of education and skill development
- Social discrimination and caste-based exclusion
- Rural-urban divide and regional imbalances
- Limited access to healthcare and nutrition
Major Poverty Eradication Programs
1. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)
Provides 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in rural areas to reduce rural poverty and unemployment.
2. National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM)
Aims to empower poor women through Self-Help Groups (SHGs) and promote sustainable livelihoods.
3. Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY)
Helps in providing affordable housing to poor families, both in rural and urban areas.
4. Public Distribution System (PDS)
Provides subsidized food grains to below poverty line (BPL) families to ensure food security.
5. Ayushman Bharat – PMJAY
Offers free health insurance for poor families to reduce out-of-pocket healthcare expenses.
Impact and Challenges
- India has significantly reduced poverty over the years, but still, a large number of people live just above the poverty line.
- Urban poverty and informal sector issues remain persistent.
- Implementation gaps, corruption, and exclusion errors in beneficiary selection are challenges.
Conclusion
Poverty eradication in India requires a multi-dimensional approach involving education, health, employment, and social inclusion. While the government has made significant progress, more focused efforts are needed to ensure that growth is inclusive and benefits reach the poorest and most marginalized sections of society.