Metaphysics

What is cause? Critically examine four kinds of cause in Aristotle’s metaphysics

Leave a Comment / MPYE-008: Metaphysics /

What is cause? Critically examine four kinds of cause in Aristotle’s metaphysics Introduction In Aristotle’s metaphysics, the concept of cause (aitia) is foundational for understanding change, existence, and the nature of things. Aristotle introduced a comprehensive theory of causation involving four types of causes that explain why a thing is the way it is. The […]

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Critically evaluate the idea of substance in Vaisheshika School of Indian Philosophy

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Critically evaluate the idea of substance in Vaisheshika School of Indian Philosophy Introduction The Vaisheshika school of Indian philosophy, founded by Kanada, is known for its analytical metaphysics and classification of reality. One of its central concepts is the notion of substance (Dravya), which serves as the substratum for qualities and actions. Substance in Vaisheshika

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The Principle of Sufficient Reasoning

Leave a Comment / MPYE-007: Research Methodology in Philosophy /

The Principle of Sufficient Reasoning The Principle of Sufficient Reason (PSR) is a foundational philosophical concept that asserts that everything must have a reason, cause, or explanation. It was most famously formulated by the German philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. According to the PSR, for every fact, there must be a rational explanation for why it

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Critically evaluate the idea of transmigration of Soul in Hindu Metaphysics.

Leave a Comment / MPYE-005: World Religions /

Introduction Transmigration of the soul, also known as rebirth or samsara, is a central concept in Hindu metaphysics. It is the belief that the soul (atman) undergoes a cycle of birth, death, and rebirth until it achieves liberation (moksha). Basic Idea In Hindu thought, the soul is eternal and indestructible. It takes different forms based

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Critically evaluate Idea of Cosmology in Zoroastrian Metaphysics.

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Introduction Zoroastrianism, one of the oldest monotheistic religions, offers a unique cosmological view grounded in its metaphysical framework. It centers on the eternal struggle between good and evil forces, which directly shapes its idea of the universe and human purpose. Basic Cosmological Structure According to Zoroastrian metaphysics, the world is a battlefield between two opposing

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Discuss the idea of essence and existence in Islamic Philosophy.

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Introduction Islamic philosophy has a rich tradition of metaphysical inquiry, including debates about essence and existence. Philosophers such as Avicenna (Ibn Sina) and Averroes (Ibn Rushd) explored these concepts deeply, integrating insights from Greek philosophy with Islamic theology. Essence (Mahiyyah) Essence refers to what something is — its defining nature or identity. For example, the

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What is the concept of purusartha in Hinduism? Write a short note on the metaphysical basis of purusartha.

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Introduction In Hinduism, the concept of Purusartha refers to the four goals or aims of human life. These are Dharma (duty), Artha (wealth), Kama (pleasure), and Moksha (liberation). They offer a comprehensive framework for leading a balanced, meaningful, and spiritually fulfilling life. The Four Purusarthas 1. Dharma – Righteous Duty Dharma refers to ethical living,

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Samavaya

Leave a Comment / MPY-001 Indian Philosophy /

Introduction to Samavaya Samavaya is a key concept in the Vaisheshika school of Indian philosophy. It refers to a type of relation called “inherence.” In simple words, Samavaya means the permanent connection between two things that cannot exist separately. It is a special bond that is necessary and natural. Definition of Samavaya Samavaya is defined

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Write an essay on the concept of Abhava (Negation or absence) in Vaishesika. Give examples for each kind of abhava.

Leave a Comment / MPY-001 Indian Philosophy /

Introduction to Abhava in Vaishesika Philosophy In Indian philosophy, particularly in the Vaishesika school, the concept of Abhava refers to negation or absence. Vaishesika is one of the six orthodox (Astika) schools of Indian philosophy, founded by the sage Kanada. The system mainly deals with metaphysics and ontology, and it classifies all knowable objects into

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